It is maintained by the International Organisation for Standardization (ISO). The PDF format is now a standard open format that isn’t just available under Adobe Acrobat. The format has evolved to allow for editing and interactive elements like electronic signatures or buttons. It was developed by Adobe so people could share documents regardless of which device, operating system, or software they were using, while preserving the content and formatting. PDF stands for ‘Portable Document Format’ file. This compression can affect quality, but this loss of quality isn’t noticeable to most users. JPG is a ‘lossy’ format, meaning that it is compressed to save storage space and make it easier to share. JPEG stands for Joint Photographic Experts Group, which is the name of the committee that standardised the format. However, you can usually adjust settings to save into other formats if needed. Many cameras, smartphones, and basic photo or drawing programs will automatically save into JPG format. ![]() JPGs are 2D pixel-based ‘raster’ images, which makes them better for photographs or scans, rather than digital illustrations which are often better as ‘vector’ images. JPG is a universal format which can be opened by almost all image-viewing or -editing programs, by web browsers, and by certain other apps, and they’re supported by most devices. JPG, or JPEG, is one of the most widely used digital image formats.
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![]() The space industry uses it in sensitive satellite equipment and spacecraft, and Nasa uses helium in huge quantities to purge the potentially explosive fuel from its rockets. Liquid helium is critical for cooling infrared detectors, nuclear reactors and the machinery of wind tunnels. There is no way of manufacturing it artificially, and practically all of the world's reserves have been derived as a by-product from the extraction of natural gas, mostly in the giant oil- and gasfields of the American South-west, which historically have had the highest helium concentrations. ![]() Helium is made either by the nuclear fusion process of the Sun, or by the slow and steady radioactive decay of terrestrial rock, which accounts for all of the Earth's store of the gas. The experts warn that the world could run out of helium within 25 to 30 years, potentially spelling disaster for hospitals, whose MRI scanners are cooled by the gas in liquid form, and anti-terrorist authorities who rely on helium for their radiation monitors, as well as the millions of children who love to watch their helium-filled balloons float into the sky. The law stipulates that the US National Helium Reserve, which is kept in a disused underground gas field near Amarillo, Texas - by far the biggest store of helium in the world - must all be sold off by 2015, irrespective of the market price. Scientists have warned that the world's most commonly used inert gas is being depleted at an astonishing rate because of a law passed in the United States in 1996 which has effectively made helium too cheap to recycle. Back to basic economics.It is the second-lightest element in the Universe, has the lowest boiling-point of any gas and is commonly used through the world to inflate party balloons.īut helium is also a non-renewable resource and the world's reserves of the precious gas are about to run out, a shortage that is likely to have far-reaching repercussions. While the world’s production of the gas has held steady of late, demand for it worldwide has increased, with countries including China and Russia wanting more of the gas than ever. Its National Helium Reserve, located in Helium City, USA, otherwise known as Amarillo, Texas, went on the auction block in 1996 and private producers have not made Helium a priority. The United States has not helped with the situation. In part that’s because there are so few producers and in part because its fate is tied closely to natural gas production, and carbon fuel markets are notoriously volatile and affected by geopolitics perhaps more than any other commodity. And because it’s so light, it can escape earth’s atmosphere, and good luck tracking it down in space.Īnd helium is getting scarce, which also means it’s getting more expensive. It’s outrageously expensive to get it from the air, so just about all of our Helium is a by-product of natural gas extraction, though there are only a handful of refineries that collect the gas. Even though it is the second most common elements in the universe, it’s also the second hardest stable element to keep track of. The first thing to know about Helium is that it’s hard to get and hard to keep. Just how bad is the situation? And are there any alternatives? Are airships an endangered species? But today there is a worldwide Helium shortage. It’s used in MRI machines and semiconductor manufacturing and cooling-it’s critical to the large hadron collider at CERN as well as, oh yeah, airship operations. It’s the stuff of childhood birthday balloons and weird chipmunk voices, but it’s got some critical uses, too. ![]() This means that for those of you shooting with APS-C, MFT or any other crop sensor camera, you’ll need to experiment with much wider focal lengths to achieve a true wide angle lens look to your shots. it would no longer be considered a wide angle lens. It should also be noted that the difference in your camera’s sensor size will affect any given lens’s actual focal length.Ī 35mm lens on a full frame camera (one with a 35mm sensor) will offer a true 35mm field of view, whereas the same lens attached to a crop sensor camera (APS-C, MFT) would offer an approximate 50mm field of view i.e. That’s right – even the hugely popular 35mm lens you leave on your camera 90% of the time is considered a wide angle lens.įrom 24mm and wider, we’re entering ultra-wide angle lens territory. On a full frame camera, a wide angle lens is considered any focal length equal to or wider than 35mm. Whenever i do astro and deep sky imaging, i generally prefer to be around ISO 800 and try never to go beyond 1600 for my canon 7dii.Nikon D700 + Nikon 16-35mm f/2.8 | by SpaceX ![]() You can further mitigate noise by doing things like image stacking and averaging in post, of course. (I must admit here, it's not clear to me if overexposing at iso 3200 truly clips the RAW data that would be properly exposed at iso 100) At least on my camera, adjusting the ISO changes the upper end of the histogram on my camera, this gives me the ability to make my exposure time longer at a given aperture. It's true that ISO isn't really all that critical (since ISO is basically electronic gain), but it's important to remember that ISO doesn't change the amount of light your sensor receives, only the exposure time and aperture change the amount of light that reaches the sensor when an image is taken. Capturing as much light as possible will help mitigate photon shot noise in your image. Remember, the goal in astro (and really all photography, i'd say) is to capture as much light as possible given your constraints. Regular astro prefers low ISO also, though its a bit more subtle than that. r/RoomDetective - What can you deduce from a photograph? r/Redditor_Pics - Redditors posting pics of themselves, family, and friends r/QualityPhotos - Professionals, intermediates, and beginners are encourage share their best work. r/PictureChallenge - Weekly topic/category of pictures r/PhonePics - Pictures taken from cell phones r/PhotoCritique - Post a picture and receive constructive criticism/advice for improvement r/GuessMyFirstName - Redditors share self portraits, you guess their name! ![]() r/ITookaPicture - Give and receive feedback r/Instagramshots - for sharing your instagrams! r/365PhotoProject - Year long marathon of taking and sharing photos r/PicRequests - Requests and assistance for photo editing r/PostProcessing - Noise reduction, sharpening, exposure blending, image retouching etc. r/Gimp (Free Download Here) - A free image manipulation program r/AmateurPhotography - A place for amateur photographers to share tips, images, tricks, advice and give advice r/Shutterbug - Lighthearted/fun subreddit for discussing photography culture and practice r/Photography - The main hub of all things photography related r/PhotoClass2023 - Join them as they revisit /r/photoclass and more r/PhotoClass - Intro to Photography Reddit style, w/29 lessons r/Cameras - Reviews, articles, blogs, videos, of cameras and gear r/AskPhotography - Ask anything here! Friendly/Supportive & Beginners Welcome! r/PhotoEssay - photography essays and slideshows r/PhotoJournalism - Stories by and about photojournalists, the photography industry, and discussions of photojournalist practices r/FashionPhotography - Photographers, styles, techniques Diana, Holga, Superheadz, Harinezumi, Keychain cams, plastic lenses r/To圜ameras - Lomography, experimental, light leaks. Inappropriate use of reporting functionality may result in reports being referred to Admin. The report button is not a tool you should use to try and influence the mod team. The report button is for spam and other content that breaks the rules of Reddit as set out by Reddit admin. Only report posts that are in violation of Reddit content policy. Only posts with negative karma scores and no community engagement will be considered for removal by moderators. If the post is not a question or may be appropriate for another sub downvote and ignore it.ĭo not comment, do not report it to the moderation team.
![]() The photo stitching program supports unlimited photos, so you can create gigapixel panoramas using ICE. You can change the camera motion, crop the image, change the export settings and the size of the panorama. It does all of this for you, so you don’t have to do anything complicated. If you took a video of a mountainside while panning your video camera from left to right, then you can use ICE to create a panorama from the stills extracted from the video. What’s cool about this program is the fact that you can create a panorama from a video. Microsoft Image Composite EditorĪnother great free photo stitching software tool that is a few years old, but works amazingly well, is Microsoft Image Composite Editor (ICE). ![]() So, go for Hugin when you need a feature-rich and professional panorama photography software. Depending on which camera you used to take your pictures, you may get a message saying that the program could not find any information about the field of view for an image. User Interface of Hugin is not that tough, but you can get accustomed to it if you’re ready to take some effort. Hugin is different photo stitching software from AutoStitch because it’s a bit more complicated, but allows for greater customization and control of your final panorama. ![]() For instance, you can find control points and edit the parameters used so that you get the best output. It’s a fact that Hugin prioritizes customizability & advanced functions, and thus it’s more or less for professionals. Hugin is available for Windows, Linux, and Mac OS X and it is being used by a large number of photographers when they need high-resolution panoramic shots. Depending on the number of images you select, the time duration is specified, and further output image will be generated. You can set a few options, but for the most part, AutoStitch handles everything. Within seconds, AutoStitch will merge all the images and align the color contrast and minor additions to form one main image. It’s mostly for beginners and creates the panorama for you without any user input. AutoStitch is a free photo stitching program, which takes multiple digital photos of a scene and blends them together smoothly to create a panoramic photo automatically for you. AutoStitchĪutoStitch is what I started out using and still use quite a bit when I have pictures that I know will quickly create a great panorama. In this post, we have a list of top 8 best photo stitching software, which you can use for creating panoramic images that have enhanced clarity and resolution. Top 10 Best Photo Stitching Software for Panorama Photography
and that all installation steps are performed including those in the Sound control panel.Ģ. Make sure the installed software is at least v2.1 found here. ![]() for example shark://98.1?Title=Rock FM&Subtitle=live radioġ. The user can add Title and Subtitle parameters to the URL to get extra text or override the Favorites name. It seems to be useful to have the possibility to keep the FM/AM presets separate from Internet radio.Ī user can also make entries in the standard top-level Favorites with the URL prefix "shark://" so that the Favorite with URL "shark://104.0" will tune to FM 104.0 MHz and "shark://1090" would tune into AM 1090kHz. The Sharkplay favorites list is just like favorites. Click on SharkPlay menu and you will a favorites list and a "manual tuning" entry where users can enter a frequency from webUI, SB remote or SBC controller. Once installed - there is a SharkPlay menu in Extras on WebUI, SB and SBC. The Windows version of the plugin includes a Windows port of the shark2 utility and also uses the wavin2cmd utility written by Joe Bryan for the WaveInput plugin. The original shark2 application was written by Michael Rolig with subsequent mods by other (see ) ![]() The plugin uses an small application called shark2 which sends command to radioSHARK to set the frequency and turn on/off the leds. Ensure a reliable radio stream for alarm when ISP does not provide a reliable service. Local radio internet feeds are poor quality compared to FM. Reducing download usage (and charges) when listening to local radio. This version of the plugin only works on SC 7.1-7.2. For NPR addicts, dittoheads, sports fiends, or anyone else who enjoys the cornucopia of options on the airwaves, that’s probably more than enough.Announcing version 1.00 of SharkPlay - plugin which enables controlling & playing an FM/AM tuner from Griffin Technology - the USB radioSHARK2 ( ). RadioShark is what it is - a USB radio that lets you time-shift, pause and back up live radio, and record what you’re listening to. At that time, Griffin claimed: “ can record audio Internet streams, either scheduled or real-time, from any streaming audio application.” That would be a nice feature, but honestly, it doesn’t seem to be one that’s integral to the product. There’s one feature, promised for the RadioShark way back when, that doesn’t exist in the version I’ve been using. And if Mac users check the Accumulates When Closed preference (an option not available in the Windows version of the RadioShark software), RadioShark will even continue to record the live radio buffer while it’s closed. This means you can quit out of RadioShark and the program will still grab your scheduled recordings. RadioShark is actually two different applications - the interface application and a background server application. ![]() It might be a bit annoying (and no doubt Griffin will be updating the software to fix these bugs, now that RadioShark is in the world), but despite the annoyances I was able to work around them and schedule recordings easily. You can’t choose AM or PM for any time, so you must instead enter in the hour in 24-hour notation and watch as your PM times are converted - but if you do it a second time, they get converted backward. ![]() Although RadioShark can display time in either 12-hour or 24-hour clock mode, the Event Details window is a mixed metaphor and a little buggy. Scheduling a recording with RadioShark is fairly straightforward, although not as easy or as elegant as it could be. On the right, the Sched button opens up a window that lets you set up or play back scheduled recordings EQ lets you process the radio sound iTunes-style with an equalizer, and TS slides out a drawer below the main window containing “time-shifting” playback features. On the left, the Band button lets you switch between AM and FM the Seek button advances the frequency until it finds a strong signal and the Rec button automatically begins recording what you’re listening to. There are three buttons on either side of the “dial,” and a volume slider right below it. A slider along the top lets you change frequencies - there doesn’t seem to be a way to change frequencies by typing in a number. The main RadioShark application interface is a metallic, iTunes-style window. Trainz Simulator 2010: Engineers Edition ScreenshotsĬategories Simulation Tags Download Trainz Simulator 2010: Engineers Edition, Download Trainz Simulator 2010: Engineers Edition for free, Get Trainz Simulator 2010: Engineers Edition for free, Trainz Simulator 2010: Engineers Edition. Password: The download is for Trainz Simulator 2010: Engineers Edition – file size is 5.24GB Trainz Simulator 2010: Engineers Edition System Requirements Trainz Simulator 2010: Engineers Edition PC Download Model Train Simulator 2011 Build and operate the railroad of your dreams. Once the installation is complete, you can now launch the game using the game’s shortcut on your desktop. Trainz Simulator 12 Trainz Simulator 12 N3V City Bus Simulator 2010 + Regiobus Usedom (Repack) / My First Trainz Set Railworks 2 Train Simulator.v Update 1 (Rail Simulator Developments) (RUS) Repack 2010 City Bus Simulator 2010 New York Train Simulator Trainz Railroad Simulator 2009.When asked to put in a serial key, use any of the following: Run the game setup inside the extracted folder and install the game.Once Trainz Simulator 2010: Engineers Edition has finished downloading, extract the file using a software such as WinRAR.Banbyggarna - Swedish downloads for Trainz Railroad. If using a torrent download, you will first need to download uTorrent. 44090 Digital Models - Free and pay British steam locomotive downloads for Trainz 2009, 2010 & 2012. Choose a mirror to complete your download.You will be redirected to a download page for Trainz Simulator 2010: Engineers Edition. How to Download and Install Trainz Simulator 2010: Engineers Edition This included seasonal asset support and the very powerful Layers option in Surveyor which enabled users to create different versions of the same route (such as. Following on from the massive updates in TS2009, TS2010 was more about new content, but also included a number of new game features. A separate menu for tutorials and an achievements system which tracks performance in the tutorials Discover Trainz Simulator 2010 - Engineers Edition.A new menu system with customizable menus.Spreadtree, a feature which makes the trees in the scenery more realistic Download Trainz Simulator 2010: Engineers Edition for free on PC this page will show you how to download and install the full version of Trainz Simulator.Seasonal asset support, which means the scenery changes with the time of year.Several new and improved routes which are unique to Trainz Simulator 2010 among which are ECML Doncaster Peterborough, CN Holly Subdivision, Detroit Connecting Railroad, and Port Ogden & Northern.Trainz Simulator 2010: Engineers Edition is one of a series of games in the Trainz range. About Trainz Simulator 2010: Engineers Edition Join discussions and let your voice be heard in the world of TrainzĬreate your own Trainz gallery and view thousands of screenshots from other Trainz fans.Download Trainz Simulator 2010: Engineers Edition for free on PC – this page will show you how to download and install the full version of Trainz Simulator 2010: Engineers Edition on PC. Register your Trainz serial number to access thousands of items from the Trainz Download Station. Collectors can buy unique, realistically done, three-dimensional models of trains in digital format. Trainz Simulator 2010: Engineers Edition (Version 3.2 Build 42203) (N3V Games) (2010) : N3V Games : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet Archive. ![]() Enjoy The virtual world of models and traction trains for hobbyists and collectors passionate railways. Create a profile and share your online experience with others. Demo version of Trainz, a (n) simulation game, for PCs and laptops with Windows systems. The Trainz community is home for over 300,000 gamers and train fans. By clicking above to submit this form, you acknowledge that the information you provide will be transferred to MailChimp for processing in accordance with their Privacy Policy and Terms. We use MailChimp as our marketing automation platform. To receive newsletters from us on releases, special offers and Trainz news please select from the options below. ![]() Subscribe to our newsletter and receive a free copy of Trainz Simulator 2009.Ĭlick, then log in and update your newsletter subscription OpenBVE Object Editor is a small, simple, easy to use application specially designed to offer you a modeling program for openBVE, the free railway simulator. ![]() ![]() He remains full of malice, showing that he has learned nothing from his experiences. Uriah tries to play the role of a repentant model prisoner, but his true nature is revealed in his conversation with David. Later in the novel, David encounters Uriah again, this time in prison for bank fraud. Uriah's scheme unravels, and he is forced to resign his position and return the money he has stolen.īut Uriah's story doesn't end there. Uriah miscalculates Mr Micawber's character, assuming that he will never expose Uriah's wrongdoings. Uriah's cunning and manipulative ways are eventually exposed when the honest and upright Mr Micawber takes a position at the firm. He also plots to manipulate Agnes Wickfield, Mr Wickfield's daughter, into marrying him. Heep is not content to merely gain an advantageous position at the firm. Uriah quickly becomes an antagonist in the novel, taking advantage of Mr Wickfield's drinking problem to manipulate his way into a partnership at the law firm. Heep's character is introduced to readers when David moves into Mr Wickfield's home and comes into contact with the scheming clerk. Uriah Heep is his name, and he is the embodiment of everything that is wrong with sycophancy. In the classic novel 'David Copperfield', Charles Dickens presents readers with a character that is so unctuous, obsequious, and insincere that he makes the skin crawl. But beneath the surface lies a cold, calculating mind that is always plotting and scheming, making Heep one of the most formidable villains in literary history. Heep's character is one of the most memorable and despised in all of literature, and his oily words and false humility are enough to make anyone's skin crawl. His ultimate goal is to achieve wealth and status, and he is willing to do whatever it takes to achieve that goal, even if it means betraying those who have helped him along the way. Heep is a master at manipulating those around him, and he uses his intelligence and cunning to get what he wants. ![]() But there's more to Heep than just his oily words and false humility.īehind his unctuous exterior lies a cold, calculating mind that is always scheming and plotting. Heep's behavior has become so synonymous with sycophancy that his name is now used as a term for those who seek to gain an advantage through insincere flattery. He uses his obsequiousness to gain favor with anyone who can help him advance his ambitions, employing insincere flattery and sycophantic behavior to get what he wants. He exudes an unctuousness so thick you can almost taste it, frequently referring to his own "umbleness" in a tone that is both false and grating.ĭespite his lowly station as a clerk, Heep is a master at ingratiating himself with those in power. Heep is a master of deception, and his most potent weapon is his cloying humility. This is Uriah Heep, the despicable antagonist in Charles Dickens' classic novel, 'David Copperfield.' Picture a character so oily, so insincere, and so deviously manipulative that you can't help but shudder in disgust every time he graces the page. ![]() Due to the fragility of Figma joints, I'm rating this figure two-stars, as many points of articulation don't provide much value if they're so likely to break. Random colors are available on eBay, but there is not guarantee that out of the purchase of 25 to 100 joints, that any of the randomly chosen joints would be the correct size and color. However, acquiring those joints isn't trivial. Now if I can get ahold of the right size flesh colored Figma joint, I could probably pretty easily repair my figure. ![]() I ended up breaking the arm at the shoulder joint when I attempted to pose it while the lighting wasn't that good and I didn't have the arm properly twisted for the motion in which I was attempting to move the arm, breaking the Figma joint. I didn't get to enjoy mine as much because the fluidity of the shoulder joint was such that quite a bit of force was necessary to pose the arm, as the ratcheted hinge seemed pretty resistant to movement. If you're a big Bruce Lee fan, this figure is probably worth your while in purchasing. The sculpting on this figure is good, the poseability is fairly high, and if you're exceptionally gentle with this figure it would make a great display piece. This isn't the sort of figure you could give to a child for play.Figma Bruce Lee review (a little too fragile) It does look like Bruce Lee, it has the potential for achieving many poses, and comes wih a figure stand to help support the figure in those poses that Bruce Lee would be in for just a split second. If you really like Bruce Lee, and wish to display him battling a group of ninjas or something, the figure is probably worth your while. To me, there are plenty of other cool toys I would rather have spent my money on that wouldn't have broken so easily. ![]() So based on the fragility, I'm saying the figure isn't of good quality, the value isn't good ($20 - $50 for a figure should provide some durability), and I wouldn't recommend it. Figma Bruce Lee review (a little too fragile) ![]() The locals came out of their houses to watch. ![]() He fought hard, and we slammed into a low wall, the edge cracking a couple of my ribs. Instinctively I stopped him for a “chat.” He was fine until I told him I intended to search him, then he resisted and produced a handgun (rare in England, but not unknown – it’s usually knives). ![]() I shouted up on my covert radio, but there was no reply or signal. I got called away and, on my return alone, saw three young guys walking toward me, one matching the description of the offender. My team did some covert observations in the area where we thought the suspect would strike next. A low life was targeting and breaking into the houses of elderly people. The quick rise of technology is exemplified in an incident that occurred to me slightly later in the 1990s. Personal radios were dodgy, and you couldn’t always get a signal. The fact that there were no cellphones in the 1980s meant that when you turned up at a scene you were the decision-maker without detailed recourse to anyone senior. The author pictured at training school graduation in 1982. The real offender, Colin Pitchfork, remained at large, and tried to evade capture by paying a co-worker, Ian Kelly, to pose as him giving a sample while purporting to be Pitchfork. A suspect, Richard Buckland, was taken into custody for the crime. The investigation saw all the men in the village “voluntarily” give a sample that was broken down to DNA profiles for comparison of evidence left at the scene. Two girls had been murdered in Narborough, Leicestershire, in 19. The first use in a major criminal case was in England. DNA profilingĭNA profiling was in its infancy in the 1980s. Today, it is one of the first things we consider in an investigation in the 1980s, less so. In one of my books, a young trainee asks, “What’s CCTV?” There are now reportedly 6 million CCTV cameras in the UK, and an estimated 30 million in the United States. In the late 1980s, CCTV was a new thing – only a handful of private companies had it, and the British government was holding trials at some government buildings. How the ‘90s changed the future of law enforcement ![]() The show aired on PBS Kids and was also syndicated to local stations, making it the second first-run television program behind The Open Mind. “I Am a Part of Nature” by Bobbie Kalman and Janine Schaub. William Sanford Nye who goes by his more popular moniker Bill Nye is a science educator who began his career in science as one of Boeing’s mechanical engineers. Bill Nye the Science Guy is an American live action half-hour program that originally aired from Septemto June 20, 1998, hosted by Bill Nye and produced by Buena Vista Television.The first animal listed on the United States’ endangered species list was the peregrine falcon in the 1970s?.Ecosystems can be as small as a drop of water, or as huge as a whole ocean?.An estimated 17 species become extinct every hour?.The more different types of living things in an ecosystem, the healthier the ecosystem is. Bill Nye is the Science Guy, a host whos hooked on experimenting and explaining.An ecosystem is made up of plants and animals living together in an environment.Without those other living things, there would be no you or me. Remember: The Earth is not just our home, it’s home to all living things. It’s important for us to think about the choices we make and how they will affect the other living things around us. ![]() We are the only animals to leave lots of stuff around, such as houses, cars, and malls. The Postal Service has a new stamp honoring the women cryptologists, who broke the codes in World War II. The lives of animals and plants are intertwined – what happens to one animal can have an impact on all sorts of living things.Īs humans, we have a big effect on the other living things around us. Ecosystems are not as simple as one living thing eating another, as the corn example. Luckily, our ecosystem covers a big part of the Earth, and there are lots of different plants to eat. Besides not having anything to munch on at the movies, we’d have nothing to eat at all. We’d be in big trouble if all the corn disappeared. Imagine if humans could only eat one kind of food, say corn. A healthy ecosystem is one with a lot of biodiversity. Ecosystems that are biodiverse are home to a variety of plants and animals. Nye helped develop the MarsDial a sundial that was included on the Opportunity and Spirit Mars rovers. |